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Home Page --> Glassblowing Data and Tables
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General Glassblowing Resources Page which covers books, organizations, tool suppliers, glass suppliers, descriptions of laborator glassware, and art glass links.
V (ml) | 1 | 5 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 500 | 800 | 1,000 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID (mm) | 12 | 21 | 27 | 36 | 46 | 57 | 62 | 66 | 72 | 78 | 83 | 87 | 91 | 98 | 115 | 124 |
The relationship between volume and radius/diameter is given by V = (4/3)πr3 where V is the volume, r is the radius of the sphere and π = 3.1415…. This JavaScript calculator gives a precise conversion between volume in mL and inner diameter in mm:
If you need them, we also have some unit conversion calculators for distance and volume.
ID mm |
Height mm |
ID mm |
Height mm |
ID mm |
Height mm |
ID mm |
Height mm |
ID mm |
Height mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1274 | 21 | 2 | 41 | 0.760 | 61 | 0.340 | 81 | 0.194 |
2 | 318 | 22 | 2.630 | 42 | 0.720 | 62 | 0.330 | 82 | 0.190 |
3 | 141 | 23 | 2.450 | 43 | 0.690 | 63 | 0.320 | 83 | 0.185 |
4 | 79 | 24 | 2.210 | 44 | 0.658 | 64 | 0.310 | 84 | 0.180 |
5 | 51 | 25 | 2.030 | 45 | 0.630 | 65 | 0.300 | 85 | 0.176 |
6 | 35 | 26 | 1.880 | 46 | 0.600 | 66 | 0.292 | 86 | 0.172 |
7 | 26 | 27 | 1.740 | 47 | 0.580 | 67 | 0.283 | 87 | 0.168 |
8 | 20 | 28 | 1.620 | 48 | 0.550 | 68 | 0.275 | 88 | 0.164 |
9 | 15 | 29 | 1.510 | 49 | 0.530 | 69 | 0.267 | 89 | 0.160 |
10 | 12 | 30 | 1.410 | 50 | 0.510 | 70 | 0.260 | 90 | 0.157 |
11 | 10 | 31 | 1.320 | 51 | 0.490 | 71 | 0.252 | 91 | 0.154 |
12 | 8 | 32 | 1.240 | 52 | 0.470 | 72 | 0.245 | 92 | 0.150 |
13 | 7 | 33 | 1.170 | 53 | 0.450 | 73 | 0.239 | 93 | 0.147 |
14 | 6 | 34 | 1.100 | 54 | 0.437 | 74 | 0.232 | 94 | 0.144 |
15 | 5.660 | 35 | 1.040 | 55 | 0.420 | 75 | 0.226 | 95 | 0.141 |
16 | 5 | 36 | 0.982 | 56 | 0.406 | 76 | 0.220 | 96 | 0.138 |
17 | 4 | 37 | 0.930 | 57 | 0.392 | 77 | 0.215 | 97 | 0.135 |
18 | 3 | 38 | 0.880 | 58 | 0.378 | 78 | 0.209 | 98 | 0.133 |
19 | 3 | 39 | 0.837 | 59 | 0.366 | 79 | 0.204 | 99 | 0.130 |
20 | 3 | 40 | 0.790 | 60 | 0.356 | 80 | 0.199 | 100 | 0.127 |
The relationship between the height, radius/diameter and volume of a cylinder is given by V=hπr2 where V is the volume, h is the height, r is the radius (half the inner diameter) and π = 3.1415…. In the JavaScipt calculator below, you can enter any two of the three variables and it will determine the value of the third one for you.
If you need them, we also have some unit conversion calculators for distance and volume.
Fraction (Inches) | Decimal (Inches) | Millimeters |
---|---|---|
1/64 | 0.015625 | 0.396875 |
1/32 | .03125 | 0.7938 |
1/16 | 0.0625 | 1.5875 |
1/8 | 0.125 | 3.1750 |
3/16 | 0.1875 | 4.7625 |
1/4 | 0.250 | 6.3500 |
5/16 | 0.3125 | 7.9375 |
3/8 | 0.375 | 9.5250 |
7/16 | 0.4375 | 11.1125 |
1/2 | 0.500 | 12.7001 |
9/16 | 0.5625 | 14.2876 |
5/8 | 0.625 | 15.8751 |
11/16 | 0.6875 | 17.4625 |
3/4 | 0.750 | 19.0501 |
13/16 | 0.8125 | 20.6375 |
7/8 | 0.875 | 22.2251 |
15/16 | 0.9375 | 23.8125 |
1 | 1.00 | 25.4001 |
Centigrade to Fahrenheit | Fahrenheit to Centigrade |
(C x 9/5) + 32 = F | (F - 32) x 5/9 = C |
mbar | Torr | inches Hg | psi | Pa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mbar | 1 | 0.750 | 0.0295 | 0.0145 | 100 |
Torr | 1.333 | 1 | 0.0394 | 0.0193 | 133.32 |
Inches Hg | 33.864 | 25.409 | 1 | 0.491 | 3,386.33 |
psi | 68.946 | 51.714 | 2.036 | 1 | 6,894.65 |
Pa | 0.01 | 0.00750 | 0.000295 | 0.000145 | 1 |
This handy nomograph tells the glassblower how thick the wall of a borosilicate glass tube should be in order to withstand a given pressure. One should always build in an extra margin of safety when designing such apparatus:
All temperatures are given in |
Soft Glass (Soda Lime) |
Borosilicate (Duran, Kimax, Pyrex) |
Quartz (Fused Silica) |
---|---|---|---|
Softening Range | 696 | 821 | 1580 |
Working Range | 1000 | 1200 | 1800 |
Annealing Range | 514 | 565 | 1050 |
Max Service Temp. | 450 | 490 | 1100 |
The information in this section should be used as a source of comparative figures only, representing a broad range of glasses within their respective family groups. For specific technical data each glass should be identified as to manufacturer and glass code number.
On occasion, a glassblower may be asked to construct a piece made of glass and some other material. For example, a conductivity cell might need an electrode embedded in the glass or a glass high vacuum manifold may need to mate to a metal thermocouple. Making such connections directly is nearly impossible because the two materials have to have very similar thermal coefficients of expansion and other properties. By using a graded seal like the one shown to the right, one can join extremely short lengths of glass that vary from each other by just a little bit and achieve a smooth transition from one material to another. These will span the range between the borosilicate or quartz and the other material. These table below contains some of the most common combinations. |
Material | Material to Glass Seal |
---|---|
Platinum | 7740 (not vacuum tight) |
Tungsten | 3320 - 7740 |
Kovar | 7052 - 7720 - 3320 - 7740 |
Alumina | 7280 - 7056 - 7052 - 3320 - 7740 |
Tungsten to Quartz Seal | |
Tungsten 0.30 - 0.40 mil | 7230 sleeve or GE#1 cane - Fused Quartz |
Numbers refer to Corning code numbers |
Fritted glass is a porus filter made of glass fibers or granules. They are widely used in inorganic and organic laboratories and come in many different forms. Fritted funnels are used for liquid/solid separation and purification. Fritted gas dispersion tubes are used to absorb/remove/dry gases, disperse gases in liquid solutions, and many other applications. They are typically found in disc or cylindrical form in borosilicate and quartz glass. You can learn more about glass fritted funnels and their care in the Glassware Gallery. |
This chart shows the porosity designations and their meanings for glass frit proucts from Ace, Corning, and Kimble:
Porosity Range Cross Reference Chart (microns) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Common Uses | Ace | Corning | Kimble |
Gas Dispersion, Coarse Filtration | A 145-174 |
EC 170 - 220 |
EC 170 - 220 |
Filtration, Gas Dispersion | C 25-50 |
C 40-60 |
C 40-60 |
Filtration, Extraction | D 10-20 |
M 10-15 |
M 10-15 |
Filtration, Extraction | E 4-8 |
F 4-5.5 |
F 4-5.5 |
Bacteria Filtration | VF 2-2.5 |
VF 2-2.5 |
xx |
EC = Extra Coarse, C = Coarse, M = Medium, F = Fine, VF= Very Fine
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